![]() ![]() Some herald GANs as the rise of “AI imagination.” This holds great promise in improving self-driving vehicles’ ability to recognize pedestrians and bicyclists, and to make voice-activated digital assistants like Alexa and Siri more conversational. ![]() GANs are a big leap forward in what’s known as “unsupervised learning” - when ML models teach themselves. GANs, of course, have many other uses than making fake sex videos and putting words in politicians’ mouths. This is why videos of former presidents and Hollywood celebrities have been frequently used in this early, first generation of deepfakes - there’s a ton of publicly available video footage to train the forger. The larger the set of training data, the easier it is for the forger to create a believable deepfake. The forger creates fakes until the other ML model can’t detect the forgery. One ML model trains on a data set and then creates video forgeries, while the other attempts to detect the forgeries. By the time fact checkers start howling in protest, it’s too late, and #PizzaGate is a thing.ĭeepfakes exploit this human tendency using generative adversarial networks (GANs), in which two machine learning (ML) models duke it out. We see this already with disinformation (so-called “fake news”) that creates deliberate falsehoods that then spread under the guise of truth. Hacking that human tendency gives malicious actors a lot of power. Seeing is believing, the old saw has it, but the truth is that believing is seeing: Human beings seek out information that supports what they want to believe and ignore the rest. Political hyperbole skewed by frustrated ambition, or are deepfakes really a bigger threat than nuclear weapons? To hear Rubio tell it, we’re headed for Armageddon. Today, you just need access to our internet system, to our banking system, to our electrical grid and infrastructure, and increasingly, all you need is the ability to produce a very realistic fake video that could undermine our elections, that could throw our country into tremendous crisis internally and weaken us deeply.” “In the old days,” he told an audience in Washington a couple weeks ago, “if you wanted to threaten the United States, you needed 10 aircraft carriers, and nuclear weapons, and long-range missiles. ![]() This makes a lot of people nervous, so much so that Marco Rubio, the Republican senator from Florida and 2016 presidential candidate, called them the modern equivalent of nuclear weapons. However, it would be just as easy to create a deepfake of an emergency alert warning an attack was imminent, or destroy someone’s marriage with a fake sex video, or disrupt a close election by dropping a fake video or audio recording of one of the candidates days before voting starts. So far, deepfakes have been limited to amateur hobbyists putting celebrities’ faces on porn stars’ bodies and making politicians say funny things. Once the bailiwick of Hollywood special effects studios and intelligence agencies producing propaganda, like the CIA or GCHQ’s JTRIG directorate, today anyone can download deepfake software and create convincing fake videos in their spare time. Deepfakes are fake videos or audio recordings that look and sound just like the real thing.
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